1.
KNOWING ITS GRAMMAR
The first thing you have to do in order to learn
simple sentence of bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language) is to know its simple
sentence. Bahasa Indonesia is not too different with English language. As same
as English, the simple sentence of Indonesian using SPO. The different in
bahasa is an "imbuhan" or "affixation" in its verb. But the
easy to learn is there are no changes in time tenses. For example:
Simple Sentence in English:
a)
Present Tense:
I (S) love (P) you (O)
b)
Past Tense: I (S) kicked (P) the ball (O)
c)
Future Tense:
I (S) will marry (P) you
(O)
Simple Sentence in Bahasa:
a)
Present Tenses: Saya/Aku (S) Cinta (P) kamu (O) →
Saya/Aku
(S) mencintai (P) kamu (O)
b)
Past Tense: Saya/Aku (S) tendang (P) bola itu (O) →
Saya/Aku (S) menendang
(P) bola itu (O)
c)
Future Tense: Saya/Aku (S) akan nikah (P) kamu (O)
Saya/Aku (S) akan menikahi (P) kamu (O)
BRIEF EXPLANATION
a)
Present Tenses: Saya/Aku (S) Cinta (P) kamu (O)
Saya/Aku (S) mencintai (P)
kamu (O)
explanation: The bold letters is affixation. in Bahasa you must add affixation in
between the verb. In this case, the affixation which is used is
"me-i". You will guessing why me- become men? It is because
"luluh" in bahasa or melting. if "me-" faced "c"
letter, it become "men-". The affix "i" in the last letter
is showing that the object is a human.
b)
Past Tense: Saya/Aku (S) tendang (P) bola itu
(O)
Saya/Aku (S) menendang (P) bola itu (O)
explanation: Same as above explanation, if "me-" faced "t" letter, the letter "t" is "luluh", but the different is the "t" letter gone and "me-" become "men-".
c)
Future Tense: Saya/Aku (S) akan nikah (P) kamu (O)
Saya/Aku (S) akan menikahi (P) kamu (O)
explanation: If "me-" faced "n" letter, it is not changed. "i" letter indicate the object that is human.
The conclusion is even the sentence is changed to past tense, in bahasa, the verb does not change into past tense. But, in bahasa, the affixation is used in the verb instead of time changing or verb form.
2.
KNOWING THE D-M
D-M is rule in bahasa Indonesia grammar. D-M means “diterangkan-menerangkan”
or in English is “explained-be explained”. For example:
NOUN PHRASE
Red Car → Mobil Merah (Car
Red)
BRIEF EXPLANATION
English: Red
Car (Noun Phrase/NP)
Explanation: In english, the word “red” (adjective) is before the word “car”
(noun).
Bahasa: Mobil Merah
Explanation: In bahasa, the word “mobil” (noun) is before the word “merah”
(adjective).
COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE
Same as English, the countable and uncountable word also
as attribute of the D-M in bahasa Indonesia. But, for “a/an” attribute, there
are many different. For example:
A
man = seorang laki-laki
explanation:
if
the “a/an” is human, then it uses “seorang”. “Orang” in bahasa means human, and
seorang means a human.
An
apple = sebuah apel
Explanation: if the “a/an” is something
that can be used or be eaten by human, then it uses “sebuah”. “buah” in bahasa
means fruit, and sebuah means a fruit. But, this does not mean “sebuah” only used
for fruit, but also something that can be used or be eaten by human.
A
duck = seekor bebek
Explanation:
if
the “a/an” is animal, then it uses “seekor”. “ekor” in bahasa means tail, and
seekor means a tail. But, this does not mean “seekor” only used for tailed
animal, but also all animal.
All
the
things, All problem = segala sesuatu, segala masalah
Explanation:
if the “all” is things, then it uses “segala”
All human, All universe, etc = semua manusia,
semua alam semesta
Explanation:
if
the “all” is things and noun, the it uses “semua”
Every = setiap
